Introduction The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, marked the official end of World War I. However, instead of establishing a lasting peace, it played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of Europe in the 1920s. The treaty imposed severe restrictions on Germany, redrew national boundaries, and created new political tensions…
Introduction The early 20th century witnessed a dramatic shift in political ideologies across Europe, with fascism and nationalism emerging as dominant forces in several nations. The period following World War I (1914-1918) created the perfect conditions for these movements to flourish. Economic instability, political upheaval, and social unrest fueled nationalist sentiments, leading to the rise…
Introduction The 1920s was a decade of significant economic development for both the United States and the Soviet Union, albeit with vastly different approaches. While the U.S. embraced capitalism and free-market policies, the Soviet Union pursued a centrally planned economy under communist ideology. These divergent economic policies shaped the trajectory of both nations and had…
Introduction The 1920s marked a significant turning point in the global struggle for women’s suffrage. This decade saw the culmination of decades of activism, leading to groundbreaking legal changes that granted women the right to vote in many countries. The suffrage movements of this era not only challenged traditional gender roles but also laid the…
The Great Depression was one of the most severe economic downturns in modern history, beginning with the stock market crash of 1929 and lasting throughout the 1930s. It caused massive unemployment, a dramatic decline in global trade, and widespread financial turmoil. This crisis affected every sector of the economy, leading to political instability, social unrest,…
The Dawes Plan, introduced in 1924, was a significant economic initiative aimed at stabilizing the German economy following the economic turmoil caused by World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. The plan, formulated by an international committee led by American banker Charles G. Dawes, sought to restructure Germany’s reparations payments, ease economic hardships, and…
The Great Depression of 1929 was one of the most devastating economic crises in modern history, affecting countries across the world. While it originated in the United States with the stock market crash of October 1929, its effects quickly spread, causing widespread unemployment, trade collapse, and financial instability. The economic downturn had severe consequences, not…
Economic crises have historically had far-reaching effects, and the Great Depression of 1929 was no exception. Though it originated in the United States, the economic depression had global consequences, affecting colonies like India under British rule. As a colonial economy, India was deeply integrated into the global trade system but had little control over its…
The Non-Cooperation Movement of the 1920s was one of the earliest mass movements led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India. Launched in response to the oppressive policies of the British government, especially the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the repressive Rowlatt Act, the movement aimed to bring about self-governance through nonviolent resistance. It played…
The Salt March of 1930, also known as the Dandi March, was one of the most significant episodes in India’s struggle for independence. Led by Mahatma Gandhi, this nonviolent protest against British salt monopoly galvanized the masses and exposed the exploitative nature of colonial rule. The march was not merely an act of civil disobedience…