Introduction In the 21st century, space exploration and cooperation have become critical components of global diplomacy, scientific advancement, and technological innovation. India, through its space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has emerged as a key player in international space activities. Over the past several decades, ISRO has not only made significant contributions to…
Introduction The last two decades have witnessed a significant rise in international terrorism, posing a severe challenge to global peace and security. Terrorism, driven by ideological, political, economic, and religious motives, has affected almost every part of the world. Nations have been compelled to rethink their security policies, strengthen international cooperation, and take firm actions…
Introduction The relationship between the United States (USA) and Iran has been historically turbulent, marked by diplomatic conflicts, military confrontations, and economic sanctions. Recent tensions have escalated due to a combination of geopolitical, military, and economic factors, leading to concerns about regional stability, global oil markets, and international security. For India, these tensions hold significant…
Introduction The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the most influential global institutions responsible for maintaining international peace and security. Established in 1945, the UNSC consists of five permanent members (P5)—the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, and France—who wield veto power, along with ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. India,…
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, quickly evolved into a global health crisis that tested the limits of public health systems, governance, and international cooperation. The World Health Organization (WHO), as the global authority on health issues, was at the forefront of the response to the pandemic. This article aims to discuss the…
The India-America “2+2 Ministerial Dialogue” is a critical aspect of the evolving strategic partnership between India and the United States. Initiated in 2018, this high-level bilateral dialogue has become an essential platform for both countries to discuss a wide range of issues, primarily focusing on defense, security, and foreign policy. The dialogue involves the foreign…
Introduction The French Revolution (1789–1799) was one of the most transformative events in world history, overthrowing monarchy and establishing principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Among the many political groups that emerged during this period, the Jacobins played a crucial role in shaping the course of the revolution. The Jacobins were radical revolutionaries who advocated…
Introduction Benito Mussolini, the leader of Fascist Italy from 1922 to 1943, pursued an aggressive and expansionist foreign policy aimed at restoring Italy’s status as a great power. His foreign policy was guided by the ideals of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism, reflecting the core principles of Fascism. While he sought to establish Italy as a…
Introduction Millets have gained international recognition due to their nutritional value, climate resilience, and potential to enhance global food security. Countries worldwide are implementing dedicated programs to promote millet cultivation, consumption, and trade. This article provides a detailed analysis of millet programs at the global level, highlighting policies, initiatives, challenges, and future prospects. Global Recognition…
Introduction The Balkan Crisis was a series of conflicts and political tensions that occurred in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This volatile situation played a significant role in the build-up to the First World War. The crisis was fueled by nationalist movements, territorial disputes, declining Ottoman…