Introduction In the era of climate change and depleting fossil fuels, the global energy demand is driving innovation toward sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Among the many renewable energy sources, biofuels, especially those derived from algae, are emerging as promising substitutes for conventional fuels. They offer the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security,…
Introduction In an era defined by energy crises and the pressing need for sustainability, the efficient use of every available energy source has become crucial. One of the most overlooked sources of energy is waste heat—a byproduct of numerous industrial, transportation, and household processes. Energy harvesting from waste heat involves converting unused thermal energy into…
Introduction In the global fight against climate change, reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions has become paramount. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technological approach designed to capture CO₂ emissions from industrial processes and power plants before they enter the atmosphere, then securely store them underground or use them for beneficial purposes. This method aims…
Introduction India is undergoing a major energy transition as it seeks to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and move toward sustainable sources of energy. In this national context, Uttar Pradesh (UP)—India’s most populous state—has emerged as a significant player. Given its vast geographical expanse, diverse topography, and high energy demand, Uttar Pradesh holds immense potential…
Introduction Uttar Pradesh (UP), India’s most populous state, plays a crucial role in the country’s socio-economic development. However, this large and dynamic state is increasingly grappling with severe environmental challenges, especially in the domains of air and water pollution. With rapid urbanization, industrialization, population growth, and unsustainable agricultural practices, the state’s natural resources are under…
Introduction The Ganga River, often referred to as the lifeline of northern India, holds immense significance for Uttar Pradesh (UP). Originating in the Himalayas and flowing through the heartland of UP, the Ganga is more than just a river—it is a vital artery that sustains the economy, nurtures rich cultural traditions, and supports a complex…
Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of many economies and an essential pillar of human survival. However, in the face of challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and increasing global population, traditional farming methods often fall short. Enter Smart Agriculture and Precision Farming—two complementary approaches that harness advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT),…
Introduction Agriculture, the backbone of global food security, has always been subject to natural uncertainties such as weather variability, pest infestations, and soil degradation. With the increasing demand for food driven by population growth and climate change, it has become essential to enhance agricultural productivity while ensuring sustainability. One of the most transformative developments in…
Introduction to Smart Irrigation Water scarcity has emerged as one of the most pressing issues facing the world today, particularly in agriculture. Agriculture accounts for about 70% of global freshwater use, and this figure is expected to rise with the increasing demand for food. As populations grow and climate change exacerbates water shortages, farmers are…
Introduction to Precision Agriculture Precision agriculture is a farming management concept that uses technology to ensure crops and soil receive exactly what they need for optimal health and productivity. This is achieved through the application of data-driven approaches that enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. With the advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of…