Introduction Infrastructure is the backbone of any modern economy. From roads, railways, and ports to power grids, internet connectivity, and urban transport systems, the development of infrastructure significantly influences a region’s ability to grow economically. Infrastructure acts as both an enabler and catalyst of development—it facilitates trade, improves access to resources and services, reduces production…
Introduction India’s economic ambition to become a global manufacturing hub received a major policy push with the introduction of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme. Launched in 2020, the PLI scheme marks a structural shift in India’s industrial policy—moving away from input subsidies and tariff protection toward performance-based incentives linked directly to output. The scheme…
Introduction Agriculture remains the cornerstone of the Indian economy, employing nearly 42% of the workforce and contributing to food security for 1.4 billion people. However, the growth and sustainability of agriculture depend critically on the availability, accessibility, and affordability of credit. Credit is the lifeblood that enables farmers to purchase seeds, fertilizers, equipment, and access…
Introduction Indian agriculture, despite being a major livelihood source for more than 50% of the population, has long been trapped in issues of fragmentation, low productivity, price volatility, and weak market linkages. In this context, two key institutional reforms—Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and the electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)—have been introduced to transform the structure…
Introduction Agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy, providing livelihood to more than 50% of the population. In this context, the Minimum Support Price (MSP) plays a critical role in protecting farmers from market fluctuations and ensuring fair returns for their produce. Introduced as a policy mechanism to safeguard farmers against the vagaries of…
Introduction Financial inclusion has emerged as a cornerstone of equitable economic development in the 21st century. It refers to the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services—such as savings accounts, credit, insurance, pensions, and digital payments—to all sections of society, particularly the underprivileged and marginalized. In a country like India, with its…
Introduction The stability and efficiency of a nation’s banking sector are crucial for its economic growth and development. In India, the rising volume of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) has emerged as a major challenge, undermining the performance and credibility of the banking system. NPAs not only impair the profitability of banks but also restrict their capacity…
Space tourism and commercial spaceflights represent one of the most exciting frontiers in human exploration. Once the domain of government-funded space agencies like NASA and Roscosmos, the launch of commercial space companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic is transforming space travel into an emerging industry with the potential to reshape how humans experience…
As Earth’s population continues to grow and environmental challenges multiply, the concept of establishing human settlements beyond our home planet is gaining increasing relevance. Interplanetary colonization—once the domain of science fiction—is rapidly evolving into a realistic scientific and strategic endeavor. Among the celestial bodies in our solar system, the Moon and Mars stand out as…
The ever-growing demand for clean, renewable energy has brought innovative concepts to the forefront of global research and development. Among the most futuristic yet scientifically viable ideas is the development of Space-Based Solar Power Stations (SBSP). Unlike traditional solar panels installed on Earth, SBSP involves collecting solar energy in space—unhindered by atmospheric interference or weather—and…