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Month: September 2025

Factories for Localization of Agro-Based Food Processing Industries

Factories for Localization of Agro-Based Food Processing Industries in North-West India

Admin012 mins

Introduction Agro-based food processing industries play a pivotal role in adding value to agricultural produce, reducing post-harvest losses, generating employment, and contributing to regional economic growth. India’s north-west region, encompassing Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and western Uttar Pradesh, is often referred to as the “Granary of India” due to its high agricultural productivity. The localization of…

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Regional Resource-Based Manufacturing and Employment in India

Regional Resource-Based Manufacturing and Employment in India

Admin014 mins

Introduction Employment generation remains a central concern for India’s economic growth. Despite rapid GDP growth, India faces challenges of unemployment, underemployment, and regional economic disparities. According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2021–22, the unemployment rate in India was around 7–8%, with rural areas facing disguised unemployment in agriculture and urban areas struggling with…

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coastal ecology

Causes of Depletion of Mangroves and Their Importance in Maintaining Coastal Ecology

Admin012 mins

Introduction Mangroves are one of the most vital ecosystems in the tropical and subtropical coastal zones. They consist of salt-tolerant plant species such as Rhizophora, Avicennia, Sonneratia, and Bruguiera, thriving in intertidal regions where rivers meet the sea. Despite covering less than 1% of tropical forests globally, mangroves provide disproportionate ecological, economic, and social benefits….

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circum-pacific zone

Geophysical Characteristics of the Circum-Pacific Zone

Admin011 mins

Introduction The Earth’s lithosphere is an intricate network of tectonic plates, which interact with one another through processes like subduction, collision, divergence, and transform movements. Among these regions, the Circum-Pacific Zone, often referred to as the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, is one of the most geologically active belts on Earth. Stretching for nearly 40,000 kilometers…

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Process of Desertification

Process of Desertification Does Not Have Climate Boundaries

Admin012 mins

Introduction Desertification is one of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century. Defined as the process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities, it threatens the sustainability of ecosystems and livelihoods. Traditionally, desertification was understood as the “expansion of deserts”…

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melting of Himalayan Glaciers

Melting of Himalayan Glaciers and Its Far-Reaching Impact on the Water Resources of India

Admin012 mins

Introduction The Himalayas, often referred to as the “Water Towers of Asia,” are home to the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions. These glaciers, stretching across India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet, act as perennial reservoirs of freshwater. India, in particular, depends heavily on Himalayan glaciers, which feed its major river systems—the Indus, Ganga,…

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Iron and Steel Industries Away from Raw Material

Present Location of Iron and Steel Industries Away from Raw Material Sources: An Analysis

Admin013 mins

Introduction Iron and steel industries are fundamental to industrial development, forming the backbone of infrastructure, transportation, construction, and defense sectors. Traditionally, these industries were established close to raw material sources—iron ore and coal—because transportation was expensive and infrastructure limited. Classic examples include the Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) and Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha), located near iron…

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solutions to droughts, floods, and interrupted navigation

Interlinking of Rivers: A Viable Solution to Droughts, Floods, and Interrupted Navigation – A Critical Examination

Admin011 mins

Introduction India is a country of diverse hydrological regimes, hosting numerous river systems that sustain agriculture, industries, drinking water supply, and inland navigation. Despite this, India faces multi-dimensional water problems: To address these challenges, the concept of interlinking rivers (ILR) has emerged as a potential solution. The idea is to transfer surplus water from river…

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urban flooding in Indian cities

Massive Urban Flooding in Indian Cities: Causes, Impacts, and Lasting Remedial Measures

Admin013 mins

Introduction Flooding has become a recurring problem in Indian cities, affecting millions of residents annually. Even “smart cities” like Hyderabad and Pune, designed with modern infrastructure, have experienced devastating urban floods. The frequency, intensity, and economic impact of urban floods have increased due to climate change, unplanned urbanization, and poor drainage systems. Urban floods are…

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