Introduction Agriculture remains the backbone of India’s economy, employing nearly 50% of the workforce and contributing significantly to the nation’s GDP. Despite its central role, farmers often face low productivity, crop losses due to pests and diseases, climate-related challenges, and market uncertainties, leading to a precarious standard of living. In recent decades, biotechnology has emerged…
Introduction In a rapidly transforming global economy, education and skill development have become central pillars of national progress. The traditional education system, largely academic in nature, often leaves students with theoretical knowledge but little practical experience or employability skills. In contrast, vocational education and skill-based learning are designed to prepare learners for the real-world job…
Introduction Gender inequality, poverty, and malnutrition are three interlinked social challenges that continue to affect the socio-economic fabric of developing nations like India. These problems are not isolated; they reinforce one another, creating a vicious cycle that traps women and marginalized communities in conditions of deprivation and underdevelopment. Poverty limits access to food, healthcare, and…
Introduction In the contemporary era of globalization and rapid technological transformation, digital literacy and access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have emerged as critical determinants of socio-economic progress. The ability to access, understand, and utilize digital technologies effectively has become as essential as traditional literacy in enabling individuals to participate in the modern economy….
Introduction Since India gained independence in 1947, women have made remarkable strides across multiple domains, from politics and academia to business, science, and sports. Icons like Indira Gandhi, Kalpana Chawla, Kiran Bedi, and Mary Kom have demonstrated that women are equally capable of excelling in fields traditionally dominated by men. Despite these achievements, the social…
Introduction Social development is closely linked to the health and well-being of a population. Health is not only a basic human right but also a critical factor in achieving broader developmental goals such as education, economic growth, gender equality, and social equity. In the Indian context, despite significant progress in health infrastructure and schemes, maternal…
Introduction Poverty remains one of the most pressing challenges in India, particularly in rural areas where limited access to resources, employment, and credit constrains development. Traditional welfare measures, though important, often fail to address the structural aspects of poverty, such as lack of assets, financial exclusion, and vulnerability to shocks. In this context, microfinance has…
Introduction Education is universally recognized as a cornerstone of sustainable development. It shapes human capital, promotes social cohesion, enhances economic productivity, and equips citizens to tackle the challenges of the 21st century. In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with SDG-4 emphasizing inclusive, equitable, and quality education for all by 2030….
Introduction India’s economic journey over the past three decades has been marked by periods of robust growth, liberalization-led industrial expansion, and rapid technological progress. Since the economic reforms of 1991, India has consistently achieved high GDP growth rates, at times exceeding 7–8% per annum. This rapid economic expansion has positioned India as one of the…
Introduction Economic planning has been a cornerstone of India’s developmental journey since independence. When India gained freedom in 1947, it faced widespread poverty, low per capita income, unemployment, underdeveloped industries, and stagnant agriculture. To overcome these structural challenges, India adopted the model of planned economic development, inspired by socialist ideas and the success of the…