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Frequent Occurrence of Landslides in the Himalayas Compared to the Western Ghats

Causes for the Frequent Occurrence of Landslides in the Himalayas Compared to the Western Ghats

Admin011 mins

Introduction Landslides are mass movements of soil, rock, and debris down a slope due to gravity, often accelerated by rainfall, earthquakes, or human interventions. They pose a serious geological hazard, particularly in mountainous regions, causing loss of life, damage to infrastructure, disruption of transportation, and environmental degradation. India, with its diverse topography, experiences frequent landslides,…

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World’s Fold Mountain Systems

Why Are the World’s Fold Mountain Systems Located Along the Margins of Continents?

Admin012 mins

Association Between Global Distribution of Fold Mountains, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes Introduction The surface of the Earth is shaped by a dynamic system of forces operating deep within its interior and acting upon its crust. Among the most striking landforms created by these forces are fold mountains, which rise dramatically along the margins of continents. These…

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Islands in the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos

Formation of Thousands of Islands in the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos

Admin012 mins

Introduction The Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the most remarkable island groups in the world. Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelagic state, consists of more than 17,000 islands, while the Philippines comprises over 7,600 islands. These islands are not only geographically significant but also hold immense ecological, cultural, and economic value. The origin of these…

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Ocean Resources and Global Crisis

Ocean Resources and Their Potential in Addressing the Global Resource Crisis: A Critical Evaluation

Admin011 mins

Introduction The world is presently facing an unprecedented resource crisis. Rising population, expanding industrialization, and unsustainable consumption have placed tremendous pressure on terrestrial resources such as land, forests, freshwater, and minerals. Against this backdrop, the oceans, which cover nearly 71% of the Earth’s surface, are emerging as a vast frontier of untapped resources. They offer…

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Tropical Cyclone Concentration Zones

Tropical Cyclones and Their Regional Concentration: Why They Are Largely Confined to the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico

Admin011 mins

Introduction Tropical cyclones are among the most powerful meteorological phenomena on Earth. Known by different names in different regions—hurricanes in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, typhoons in the western Pacific and South China Sea, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean—they are characterized by intense low-pressure systems with spiraling winds, heavy rainfall, and destructive storm…

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unusual climatic happenings are as an outcome of the el-nino effect

El Niño Effect and Its Role in Unusual Climatic Happenings: A Critical Evaluation

Admin012 mins

Introduction Climate variability is one of the most pressing concerns in contemporary meteorology and environmental science. Unusual weather events such as prolonged droughts, floods, cyclones, heatwaves, and cold spells often disrupt ecosystems, agriculture, and human livelihoods. Among the various phenomena studied to explain such irregularities, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—particularly its warm phase, El Niño—has…

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tea gardens all along the shivaliks and lesser himalaya from assam to himanchal pradesh

Why British Tea Plantations Succeeded Mainly in Darjeeling: Geography, Climate, and Economy

Admin011 mins

Introduction Tea cultivation has been an integral part of India’s colonial agricultural history. Introduced and popularized by the British during the 19th century, tea plantations transformed the socio-economic and ecological landscape of the Himalayan foothills. The Shivaliks and Lesser Himalaya, stretching from Assam in the east to Himachal Pradesh in the northwest, were initially targeted…

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Green Revolution Bypassed Eastern India

Why the Green Revolution Bypassed Eastern India: A Critical Analysis

Admin013 mins

Introduction The Green Revolution in India, initiated in the 1960s, marked a transformative period in Indian agriculture. It was characterized by the introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice, intensive use of chemical fertilizers, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, and adoption of modern farming practices. While this revolution dramatically increased food grain production in…

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the economic space of natural resource-rich Africa

India’s Engagement with Resource-Rich Africa: Strategic, Economic, and Developmental Perspectives

Admin014 mins

Introduction Africa, the world’s second-largest continent, is endowed with abundant natural resources, including oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, rare earth minerals, timber, and fertile agricultural land. Over the last two decades, Africa has emerged as a critical economic and strategic partner for many global powers seeking to secure energy, minerals, and markets for industrial growth….

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