Introduction The advent of nuclear weapons has profoundly transformed international security and warfare dynamics. Since the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, the world has grappled with the devastating consequences of nuclear warfare. While nuclear disarmament remains a noble aspiration, the reality of global politics suggests that nuclear deterrence is the most effective strategy…
Introduction The last two decades have witnessed a significant rise in international terrorism, posing a severe challenge to global peace and security. Terrorism, driven by ideological, political, economic, and religious motives, has affected almost every part of the world. Nations have been compelled to rethink their security policies, strengthen international cooperation, and take firm actions…
Corruption is one of the most pervasive threats to internal security, weakening governance, eroding public trust, and enabling crime and terrorism. It affects law enforcement, judiciary systems, and public institutions, making a nation vulnerable to internal instability. Countries that fail to address corruption often struggle with economic stagnation, civil unrest, and weakened national security. This…
Introduction The Bodo problem has been one of the most complex ethnic and political issues in India, particularly in Assam. The conflict primarily involves the Bodo ethnic group, which has historically demanded greater autonomy, recognition of its cultural identity, and territorial rights. Over the decades, the movement has seen periods of violent insurgency, political negotiations,…
Introduction The relationship between religion, ethnic violence, and secularism is complex and deeply interwoven in political discourse. The statement that “the politics of religion and ethnic violence is basically the politics of secularism and secularization” suggests that secularism, rather than being a neutral force, often plays an active role in shaping conflicts and political strategies….
Introduction In the modern digital age, social media has become an integral part of political discourse, transforming the way democracies function worldwide. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube have given citizens a powerful voice, enabling political participation, shaping public opinion, and influencing elections. However, while social media strengthens democracy by promoting transparency and…
Introduction The increasing reliance on satellites for communication, navigation, surveillance, and defense has led to a growing concern over their security. Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons, designed to disable or destroy satellites in orbit, have become a crucial aspect of modern warfare and national defense strategies. However, their development and testing raise serious concerns about space debris…
Introduction The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has been at the forefront of India’s defense technology advancements. With a focus on self-reliance and modernization, DRDO has made remarkable strides in cutting-edge weapon systems, particularly in the development of hypersonic missiles and indigenous fighter jets. These advancements bolster India’s strategic defense capabilities and reduce dependency…
Introduction Cybersecurity threats have become increasingly sophisticated, with ransomware and phishing attacks emerging as major concerns for individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. These cyber threats not only result in financial losses but also pose significant risks to data security, privacy, and national security. Recent high-profile cases have highlighted the evolving nature of these attacks, prompting…
Introduction The rise of the digital era has brought immense benefits in terms of communication, trade, and governance. However, it has also given rise to a darker side of the internet—the Dark Web—a hidden part of the internet where anonymity reigns supreme. The Dark Web is infamous for facilitating various cybercrimes, including drug trafficking, illegal…