Introduction Cybersecurity threats have become increasingly sophisticated, with ransomware and phishing attacks emerging as major concerns for individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. These cyber threats not only result in financial losses but also pose significant risks to data security, privacy, and national security. Recent high-profile cases have highlighted the evolving nature of these attacks, prompting…
Introduction The rise of the digital era has brought immense benefits in terms of communication, trade, and governance. However, it has also given rise to a darker side of the internet—the Dark Web—a hidden part of the internet where anonymity reigns supreme. The Dark Web is infamous for facilitating various cybercrimes, including drug trafficking, illegal…
Introduction Deepfake technology has emerged as one of the most disruptive advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). By leveraging deep learning techniques, it enables the creation of highly realistic but entirely fabricated audio, video, and images. While deepfakes have applications in entertainment and education, their misuse in politics and misinformation campaigns has raised serious concerns worldwide,…
The Digital India Mission is an ambitious initiative launched by the Government of India on July 1, 2015, with the aim to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It envisions providing every citizen with access to online services, resources, and digital tools to enhance their quality of life and contribute to…
The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for semiconductor manufacturing is an initiative introduced by the Government of India to promote domestic semiconductor production. The semiconductor industry plays a vital role in the modern digital economy, powering everything from smartphones to advanced computing systems. With India’s growing demand for semiconductors and the global chip shortage of…
India Stack refers to a set of technology-driven solutions and frameworks designed to digitize key aspects of the Indian economy and its governance systems. It is often regarded as one of the most ambitious efforts in the world to build a digital infrastructure for financial inclusion, governance, and public service delivery. The “India Stack” is…
Introduction In the contemporary global security landscape, nuclear weapons continue to play a pivotal role in strategic deterrence and national defense. India, as a nuclear-armed state, maintains a credible minimum deterrence policy to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Given the increasing geopolitical uncertainties, technological advancements in warfare, and unconventional threats, nuclear weapons remain an…
Introduction The Higher Defence Organisation of India plays a critical role in formulating and executing the country’s defence policies, ensuring national security, and managing military operations. The structure is designed to provide a seamless integration of civil and military leadership, strategic decision-making, and operational control over India’s defence forces. Over the years, various reforms have…
Introduction Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons and technology to states that do not possess them, poses a major challenge to global security. Since the advent of nuclear weapons in 1945, countries and international organizations have sought to limit their spread due to their catastrophic potential. However, nuclear technology has also been used for…
Introduction Naxalism, also known as Left-Wing Extremism (LWE), is one of India’s most serious internal security challenges. Originating from the Naxalbari uprising in 1967, it has evolved into an armed insurgency affecting multiple states. The movement, driven by socioeconomic disparities, land disputes, and tribal rights issues, has led to violence, disruption of governance, and loss…