Introduction Food security is a critical issue for India, a country with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, where a significant proportion lives below the poverty line. Ensuring access to affordable food for all sections of society has been a longstanding policy challenge. To address this, India established the Public Distribution System (PDS), a government-run network…
Introduction Agriculture has always been the backbone of India’s economy, supporting the livelihood of nearly half of the population. Over the decades, India has witnessed several agricultural revolutions such as the Green Revolution (cereals), White Revolution (milk), Blue Revolution (fisheries), Yellow Revolution (oilseeds), and others. Collectively, these diverse sectoral transformations in agriculture and allied activities…
Introduction Water is the lifeline of agriculture, and efficient irrigation is crucial for enhancing crop productivity, farmer income, and food security. India, with its vast agricultural landscape, is heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall, which is often erratic and unevenly distributed. To address water scarcity, optimize irrigation, and ensure sustainable agricultural growth, the Government of India…
Introduction Irrigation is a cornerstone of India’s agricultural development and food security. Efficient irrigation infrastructure ensures timely water availability, improved crop yields, and enhanced rural livelihoods. Despite India having a large network of canals, reservoirs, and tanks, many irrigation projects were slow to complete due to resource constraints, delays in funding, and technical challenges. To…
Introduction Water is one of the most critical resources for agriculture, and India, being heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall, faces significant challenges in efficient water management. A large proportion of India’s cultivated land suffers from water scarcity, over-extraction of groundwater, and inefficient irrigation practices. To address these issues, the Government of India launched the National…
Introduction Agriculture in India is heavily dependent on rainfall, with nearly 60% of cultivated land classified as rainfed areas. These regions often face erratic rainfall, poor soil fertility, low productivity, and higher vulnerability to climate shocks. Farmers in rainfed areas encounter income insecurity, crop failure, indebtedness, and rural distress, which affect livelihoods and the overall…
Introduction India’s agriculture and rural economy heavily depend on water availability and watershed management, especially in rainfed regions, which constitute nearly 60% of cultivated land. Inadequate water management leads to soil erosion, low productivity, and rural distress. To address these challenges, the Government of India launched the Neeranchal Watershed Management Programme (NWMP) in 2018 as…
Introduction Food security is a fundamental aspect of sustainable development and economic stability. In India, with a growing population exceeding 1.4 billion, ensuring availability, access, and affordability of food is a key national priority. To meet this challenge, the Government of India launched the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) to increase production of rice, wheat,…
Introduction Modern cities are bustling ecosystems where millions of vehicles, pedestrians, and public transport systems interact every day. With increasing urbanization, the complexity of traffic systems has grown exponentially. Traffic management has shifted from simple stop-and-go signals to highly sophisticated systems leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and real-time monitoring. In this context, the term…
Introduction India’s agricultural sector, which employs more than 50% of the country’s workforce, faces multiple challenges including unpredictable weather, low productivity, inefficient supply chains, and market access issues. To modernize and address these structural problems, the Government of India launched the Digital Agriculture Mission (DAM) 2021-25—a strategic initiative aimed at leveraging technology to revolutionize the…