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Battle of Panipat

The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and the Strategic Significance of Panipat in Indian History

Introduction The Third Battle of Panipat, fought on 14 January 1761, between the Maratha Empire and the Afghan forces led by Ahmad Shah Abdali (also known as Ahmad Shah Durrani), remains one of the most decisive and devastating battles in Indian history. It marked a turning point in the 18th-century political landscape of India, creating…

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Political Activities of the Nawabs of Awadh

Political Activities of the Nawabs of Awadh after the Decline of the Mughal Empire

Introduction The decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century created a political vacuum in northern India. The once-centralized authority of Delhi weakened under the combined pressures of internal corruption, administrative inefficiency, and external invasions. In this context, several regional powers emerged, asserting autonomy while maintaining nominal allegiance to the Mughal throne. Among these,…

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