Introduction The Arctic region, encompassing the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding territories, is one of the last frontiers for global energy exploration. With retreating sea ice due to climate change, vast reserves of hydrocarbons—particularly oil and natural gas—have become accessible, making the Arctic a focal point of geopolitical, economic, and environmental interest. According to the…
Introduction The Arctic region, once considered a frozen and inaccessible frontier, is rapidly emerging as a critical area of global interest. Due to the accelerating impact of climate change, ice sheets and glaciers in the Arctic are melting at unprecedented rates, exposing vast reserves of untapped natural resources and opening new maritime trade routes. For…
Introduction The relationship between the United States and Russia has long been one of the most complex, influential, and unpredictable dynamics in international politics. As two major global powers with extensive nuclear arsenals, economic interests, and political ideologies, their bilateral relations have not only shaped their own foreign policies but also determined the trajectory of…