Introduction The history of Indian art and sculpture is a profound reflection of the cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic ideals that have shaped the subcontinent for thousands of years. Among the great centers of ancient Indian art, Mathura—located in the modern state of Uttar Pradesh—occupies a distinctive place. Situated on the banks of the Yamuna River,…
Introduction The Mauryan period (circa 322 BCE–185 BCE) stands as a landmark epoch in the history of ancient India, representing not only the first pan-Indian empire but also a golden era of political unity, cultural integration, and artistic excellence. Under rulers like Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, and especially Emperor Ashoka, India witnessed remarkable progress in art,…
Introduction The Gupta period (circa 320 CE – 550 CE) represents a golden age of Indian art, culture, and architecture. It marked the culmination of centuries of experimentation and innovation that began during the Mauryan and Kushan eras. Often regarded as the “Classical Age” of Indian civilization, this period saw the emergence of a distinctly…
Introduction The Mughal period (1526–1857 CE) marks one of the most glorious chapters in Indian history, especially in the sphere of art and architecture. The Mughals not only consolidated political power across India but also left behind an enduring legacy of architectural excellence that transformed the visual landscape of North India. Among the regions that…