Introduction The Himalayas, often referred to as the “Third Pole”, host the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions. They are the lifeline of several major rivers in South Asia, including the Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, and their tributaries, which support over 1.5 billion people. In recent decades, these glaciers have been shrinking at an…
Introduction The Indian monsoon is one of the most prominent climatic phenomena on Earth. It is a seasonal reversal of winds accompanied by heavy rainfall that sustains nearly 1.4 billion people, agriculture-based economies, and diverse ecosystems in South Asia. The monsoon is not merely a meteorological event but the lifeline of India’s socio-economic system. Traditionally,…
Introduction India, known for its diverse geography and climate, experiences a wide range of temperature variations throughout the year. From the snow-capped Himalayas in the north to the tropical coasts in the south, the contrast in climate is striking. This variation becomes particularly noticeable during summer and winter when some regions face scorching heat while…