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National Movement Since the 1920s

The National Movement Since the 1920s: The Rise of Ideological Diversity and Expansion of the Social Base

Introduction The Indian national movement underwent a remarkable transformation during the 1920s. Before this decade, the movement had largely been led by elite groups and was confined to urban centers, focusing primarily on constitutional reforms and moderate petitions to the British government. However, from the 1920s onward, the struggle for independence gained new dimensions —…

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Constructive Programmes of Mahatma Gandhi

Constructive Programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements

Introduction The Indian freedom struggle was not merely a political battle against British imperialism; it was a comprehensive movement for moral, social, and economic regeneration. Among the towering figures of India’s independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi stands out as a visionary who sought to achieve swaraj (self-rule) not just through political defiance but also through constructive…

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