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Religiosity and Communalism in India

Religiosity and Communalism in India: From Personal Faith to Political Identity

Introduction Religion has always occupied an important place in Indian society. From ancient spiritual traditions to everyday social practices, faith has shaped values, identities, and community life. However, religion can manifest in different ways. While religiosity reflects personal faith and spiritual engagement, communalism represents the politicization of religious identity, often leading to social division and…

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Communalism in India

Communalism in India: A Product of Power Struggles and Relative Deprivation

Introduction Communalism refers to a social phenomenon in which religious identity becomes the primary basis for political mobilization, social conflict, and group loyalty. In plural societies like India, communalism poses a serious challenge to social harmony and democratic governance. While communal tensions are often portrayed as outcomes of religious differences, a deeper sociological analysis reveals…

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British Imperial Power

Assessing the Role of British Imperial Power in Complicating the Process of Transfer of Power during the 1940s

Introduction The decade of the 1940s was one of the most turbulent and transformative phases in the history of modern India. It was the decade that witnessed the end of nearly two centuries of British colonial rule and the birth of two sovereign states — India and Pakistan. However, the process of this transfer of…

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Policies of Lord Curzon

Evaluation of the Policies of Lord Curzon and Their Long-Term Implications on the Indian National Movement

Introduction Among the British viceroys who governed India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lord George Nathaniel Curzon (Viceroy of India, 1899–1905) stands as one of the most controversial and consequential figures. His tenure marked a critical turning point in the history of British India. A man of immense intelligence and administrative skill,…

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