Introduction Over the past three decades, India has witnessed a dramatic transformation in its urban landscape due to the rapid expansion of Information Technology (IT) and IT-enabled services. Cities such as Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Gurugram, Noida, and Kochi have evolved into major IT hubs, integrating India into the global digital economy. This development has…
Introduction Religion has always occupied an important place in Indian society. From ancient spiritual traditions to everyday social practices, faith has shaped values, identities, and community life. However, religion can manifest in different ways. While religiosity reflects personal faith and spiritual engagement, communalism represents the politicization of religious identity, often leading to social division and…
Introduction Secularism is widely regarded as one of the foundational pillars of modern democratic societies. In the Indian context, secularism implies equal respect for all religions and the protection of diverse cultural traditions. India’s Constitution envisions a society where individuals freely practice their faith while maintaining harmony among communities. However, in recent decades, a growing…
Introduction Rapid population growth continues to pose serious challenges for developing countries, particularly in areas such as healthcare, education, employment, food security, and environmental sustainability. Traditional population control strategies have often focused narrowly on contraception and family planning programs. However, global experience increasingly shows that the most sustainable and humane way to stabilize population growth…
Introduction Indian society is often described as one of the oldest living civilizations in the world. Despite centuries of political upheavals, foreign invasions, colonial rule, and rapid modernization, India has remarkably preserved its cultural continuity. From ancient philosophical traditions to everyday social practices, Indian culture continues to thrive alongside modern institutions. What makes this resilience…
Introduction Customs and traditions form the cultural backbone of societies. They transmit values, norms, collective memories, and social practices across generations, giving people a sense of identity and continuity. However, critics argue that unquestioned adherence to customs and traditions can suppress rational thinking and encourage obscurantism—defined as resistance to intellectual enlightenment, scientific reasoning, and social…
Introduction India is globally recognized for its extraordinary cultural diversity, marked by variations in language, religion, region, ethnicity, and social customs. Among these dimensions, caste has historically been one of the most influential organizing principles of Indian society. Originating in ancient social stratification systems, caste structured occupation, social interaction, marriage, and access to resources. With…
Introduction Indian society is one of the world’s oldest continuously living civilizations. Over thousands of years, it has experienced invasions, colonialism, modernization, globalization, and rapid technological change. Yet, despite these transformations, Indian society has preserved a remarkable continuity of traditional social values. Concepts such as family bonds, respect for elders, spiritual orientation, community life, and…