Introduction In the 21st century, warfare has evolved far beyond the traditional battlefield. No longer confined to land, air, or sea, modern conflicts are increasingly fought in the digital realm. Cyber warfare, an emerging domain of conflict, poses one of the most significant threats to national security across the globe. With the rise of sophisticated…
Introduction The last two decades have witnessed a significant rise in international terrorism, posing a severe challenge to global peace and security. Terrorism, driven by ideological, political, economic, and religious motives, has affected almost every part of the world. Nations have been compelled to rethink their security policies, strengthen international cooperation, and take firm actions…
Introduction With the rapid digitization of services and increasing reliance on technology, cyber crimes in India have surged at an alarming rate. From financial frauds to data breaches, identity theft, and cyber terrorism, India faces numerous cyber threats that demand immediate attention. Despite existing legal frameworks like the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, and sections…
Introduction The rise of the digital era has brought immense benefits in terms of communication, trade, and governance. However, it has also given rise to a darker side of the internet—the Dark Web—a hidden part of the internet where anonymity reigns supreme. The Dark Web is infamous for facilitating various cybercrimes, including drug trafficking, illegal…
Introduction Internal security is a crucial pillar of a nation’s stability, ensuring law and order, economic development, and overall peace. However, terrorism and corruption pose serious threats to internal security, destabilizing governance, weakening institutions, and undermining public trust. While terrorism directly challenges national integrity through violent acts, corruption erodes the system from within, facilitating security…