The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) has been one of the most contentious laws in India, often criticized as draconian and unconstitutional by various states and human rights organizations. Originally enacted to curb insurgency and maintain public order, AFSPA grants sweeping powers to the armed forces, including the right to shoot to kill, arrest…
Introduction The Doctrine of Basic Structure is a fundamental principle in Indian constitutional law that ensures the core values and essential features of the Indian Constitution remain intact despite amendments. The doctrine prevents Parliament from altering or destroying the fundamental framework of the Constitution, thereby preserving the democratic and federal nature of India’s governance. This…
Introduction Democracy, the cornerstone of governance in many nations, thrives on the active participation of citizens, transparency, and accountability. In the digital era, technology has emerged as a powerful tool in strengthening democratic institutions and processes. From enhancing electoral transparency to enabling civic engagement, digital advancements have redefined the way democratic societies function. However, while…
Introduction Governance is the backbone of a democratic system, and transparency is a critical factor in ensuring good governance. The Right to Information (RTI) is a legal mechanism that empowers citizens to access government information, thereby enhancing transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. RTI serves as a powerful tool against corruption, inefficiency, and bureaucratic secrecy, fostering…
Introduction The French Revolution (1789–1799) was one of the most transformative events in world history, overthrowing monarchy and establishing principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Among the many political groups that emerged during this period, the Jacobins played a crucial role in shaping the course of the revolution. The Jacobins were radical revolutionaries who advocated…
Introduction Human attitudes are shaped by a combination of moral and political values that influence decision-making, governance, and societal interactions. Morality provides the ethical foundation for human behavior, while political attitudes guide individuals’ perspectives on governance, policy-making, and state affairs. In contemporary political scenarios, the intersection of morality and political ideology plays a critical role…
Introduction Morality is a fundamental aspect of human life, guiding individual behavior and decision-making processes. In the realm of public life, where leaders, politicians, bureaucrats, and public servants make decisions that impact society, individual morality plays a crucial role. The ethical values and principles that an individual upholds often influence their actions, policies, and judgments…
Introduction The Indian Parliament plays a crucial role in maintaining checks and balances over the executive. As a democratic institution, it ensures that the government remains accountable to the people by scrutinizing its policies, financial expenditures, and legislative decisions. The control of Parliament over the executive is essential to prevent misuse of power, uphold democratic…
Introduction Democracy is a system of governance where the power ultimately lies with the people. However, for a democracy to function efficiently, it requires strong institutions that ensure stability, governance, and implementation of policies. One such institution is the civil services, which act as the backbone of administration and play a crucial role in policy…
Introduction Parliamentary Committees play a crucial role in the smooth functioning of the Indian Parliament. These committees are essential instruments of legislative oversight, policy scrutiny, and executive accountability. They ensure detailed examination of bills, budgetary allocations, and governmental policies, which may not be possible in full-fledged parliamentary sessions due to time constraints and the complexity…