Introduction Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, have become a recurring feature of modern societies. In a country like India—characterized by diverse geography, high population density, and increasing climate variability—the impact of disasters can be devastating. However, the extent of destruction is not solely determined by the magnitude of the hazard, but largely by the level…
Introduction In the 21st century, disasters are no longer viewed merely as sudden natural events but as outcomes of underlying vulnerabilities, poor planning, and unsustainable development practices. Recognizing this shift, the global community adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) to move beyond relief-centric approaches toward risk-informed development and resilience building. The framework…
Introduction India is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world due to its diverse geography, high population density, and increasing environmental stress. From cyclones along the coasts to earthquakes in the Himalayas and floods in river basins, disasters pose a constant challenge to governance and development. Recognizing this, India has developed a structured…
Introduction India’s development trajectory is increasingly challenged by frequent and intense disasters such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes, heatwaves, and landslides. These events not only disrupt lives but also damage critical infrastructure—roads, bridges, power systems, housing, and communication networks—leading to long-term socio-economic setbacks. In this context, the concept of disaster resilience has gained prominence as a…
1. Introduction Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. Rapid industrialization, deforestation, urbanization, and the overuse of fossil fuels have resulted in rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, global warming, extreme weather events, and ecosystem degradation. These changes pose severe threats to human health, agriculture, water resources, biodiversity, and…
Introduction Landslides are mass movements of soil, rock, and debris down a slope due to gravity, often accelerated by rainfall, earthquakes, or human interventions. They pose a serious geological hazard, particularly in mountainous regions, causing loss of life, damage to infrastructure, disruption of transportation, and environmental degradation. India, with its diverse topography, experiences frequent landslides,…