Introduction The Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–17) marked the last in the series of Five-Year Plans implemented by the Planning Commission of India before its dissolution in 2014. The Plan was a continuation of the country’s strategy for inclusive, sustainable, and rapid economic growth, building upon the achievements of previous plans. Formulated in the backdrop of…
Introduction Economic reforms refer to structural changes in policies, laws, and institutions undertaken by a government to improve the efficiency, productivity, and growth potential of an economy. They are aimed at liberalizing the economy, reducing inefficiencies, promoting competition, and integrating the country with the global economy. In the context of India, economic reforms have been…
Introduction India, one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, has long aspired to become a global manufacturing hub. With its large workforce, growing domestic market, and favorable geographical location, the country has immense potential to strengthen its industrial base. To realize this potential, the Government of India launched the “Make in India” initiative on…
Introduction India, the world’s fifth-largest economy, has embarked on an ambitious journey to become a $5 trillion economy by the mid-2020s. This goal, set by the Government of India, reflects the nation’s aspiration to accelerate economic growth, enhance global competitiveness, and improve living standards for its citizens. Achieving this target requires sustained efforts across multiple…
Introduction Infrastructure is the backbone of any modern economy. From roads, railways, and ports to power grids, internet connectivity, and urban transport systems, the development of infrastructure significantly influences a region’s ability to grow economically. Infrastructure acts as both an enabler and catalyst of development—it facilitates trade, improves access to resources and services, reduces production…