1. Introduction The Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1986 is a landmark legislation enacted by the Government of India following the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984, one of the world’s worst industrial disasters. Recognizing the urgent need for a comprehensive legal framework to protect the environment, the Act was passed under Article 253 of the Indian…
Introduction Environmental protection and sustainable development are among the most complex policy challenges faced by modern states. Governments are expected to simultaneously pursue economic growth, poverty alleviation, infrastructure expansion, energy security, food security, and environmental conservation. While these objectives are individually legitimate, contradictions among policies of competing sectors and stakeholders often undermine effective environmental protection…
Introduction The relationship between the economy and the environment is one of the most crucial and complex aspects of modern development. The economy depends heavily on the natural environment for raw materials, energy, water, and ecological services, while economic activities often put pressure on the environment through pollution, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation. Striking a…