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Religiosity and Communalism in India

Religiosity and Communalism in India: From Personal Faith to Political Identity

Introduction Religion has always occupied an important place in Indian society. From ancient spiritual traditions to everyday social practices, faith has shaped values, identities, and community life. However, religion can manifest in different ways. While religiosity reflects personal faith and spiritual engagement, communalism represents the politicization of religious identity, often leading to social division and…

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: His Contribution to Pre- and Post-Independence India

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: His Contribution to Pre- and Post-Independence India

Introduction Maulana Abul Kalam Azad stands among the foremost architects of modern India. A freedom fighter, scholar, journalist, and visionary educationist, Azad combined spiritual depth with political realism. His life represents a synthesis of nationalism, pluralism, and intellectual leadership. Unlike many contemporaries who specialized in either political activism or institutional governance, Azad contributed significantly to…

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