Introduction Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and opportunities among individuals or groups within a society. While some level of inequality is inevitable in a market-driven economy, excessive economic disparity can threaten social cohesion, reduce economic efficiency, and impede sustainable development. In contrast, inclusive growth emphasizes equitable access to economic opportunities,…
Introduction Poverty is one of the most pressing socio-economic challenges in developing countries, especially in nations like India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and several African states. Despite decades of development initiatives, poverty continues to persist in rural as well as urban areas due to structural inequalities, unemployment, lack of access to resources, and limited financial inclusion. Traditional…
Introduction Financial inclusion has emerged as a cornerstone of equitable economic development in the 21st century. It refers to the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services—such as savings accounts, credit, insurance, pensions, and digital payments—to all sections of society, particularly the underprivileged and marginalized. In a country like India, with its…
Introduction Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is a transformative policy initiative launched by the Government of India to enhance the efficiency and transparency of welfare schemes. It aims to directly transfer subsidies and benefits to the beneficiaries’ bank accounts, thereby eliminating intermediaries, reducing leakages, and ensuring the targeted delivery of government assistance. Introduced in 2013, DBT…
Introduction Economic growth is essential for national development, but it must be accompanied by equality and distributive justice to ensure that the benefits reach all sections of society. Inclusive growth refers to a development process that fosters economic expansion while reducing inequalities in wealth, opportunities, and social mobility. In India, various policy measures have been…
The Indian Union Budget 2025, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, aims to address the pressing needs of various sections of society, with a particular focus on the middle class. Recognizing the significant role that the middle class plays in the country’s economic growth, the government has announced several measures to ease their financial burdens,…
In the modern world, economic development is intricately linked with social justice. As economies strive to foster equitable growth and provide opportunities for all, financial inclusion emerges as a fundamental building block for achieving both social justice and sustainable development. Financial inclusion refers to the process of ensuring that individuals, particularly those from marginalized or…