Introduction Economics is not only about markets and private enterprises; it is equally about the role of the government in mobilizing resources, spending them effectively, and influencing the economic structure of a nation. This role of the government is understood through Public Finance. Within public finance, two core concepts stand out—Public Revenue and Tax Revenue….
Introduction The United States (U.S.) has one of the most advanced and influential economies in the world, often setting the tone for global trade, finance, and monetary policies. Two of the most critical aspects that shape the U.S. economy are economic growth and inflation. Economic growth reflects the pace at which a nation produces goods…
Introduction Economic stability is vital for the sustainable growth of any nation. Two critical phenomena that influence the health of an economy are inflation and deflation. Both affect purchasing power, production, employment, investment, and overall economic growth, but in opposite ways. Understanding the causes, consequences, and policy responses to both is essential for students, policymakers,…
Introduction In a diverse and developing country like India, economic growth alone cannot ensure inclusive development unless it addresses existing inequalities, particularly those based on gender. One of the most effective tools for integrating gender perspectives into economic policymaking is Gender Budgeting. Introduced in India in the early 2000s, gender budgeting has gradually evolved from…
Introduction India’s economic aspirations rest heavily on sound fiscal management. The fiscal deficit and public debt are critical indicators of a nation’s financial health. While these are not inherently problematic, their sustained rise poses significant challenges for macroeconomic stability, inflation control, and long-term growth. Over the past few years—especially post-COVID-19—India has witnessed a marked increase…
Introduction The Union Budget 2024–25 is a critical document that outlines the government’s fiscal policies and strategies for the upcoming financial year. The budget serves as a key instrument for managing the Indian economy and directly impacts inflation, economic growth, and social welfare. The fiscal policy measures announced in the budget aim to address challenges…
India has set an ambitious goal of becoming a $5 trillion economy, a vision that represents its aspirations for rapid economic expansion, global competitiveness, and improved living standards. The government has undertaken key structural reforms, policy measures, and sectoral advancements to accelerate growth, but significant challenges remain. This article critically analyzes India’s progress toward achieving…
A nation’s economic growth and development depend heavily on how its government allocates financial resources through the annual budget. The budget determines the course of public spending, taxation, investment in key sectors, and social welfare initiatives, all of which shape economic stability and progress. In India, the Union Budget is a crucial policy instrument that…
A fiscal deficit is an essential concept in the field of public finance and plays a critical role in understanding a country’s economic health. In simple terms, a fiscal deficit occurs when a government’s total expenditure exceeds the revenue that it generates, excluding borrowing. It is often expressed as a percentage of a country’s GDP…
Inflation is one of the most critical macroeconomic challenges affecting India’s economy. It refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over time. While moderate inflation is considered beneficial for economic growth, high and persistent inflation erodes purchasing power, increases the cost of living, and creates financial instability. In…