Introduction Rivers are dynamic landform creators, and their lower courses often deposit sediments to form deltas at their mouths. Deltas are fan-shaped or triangular deposits of alluvium, formed where rivers enter a standing body of water such as a sea or a lake. India, with its vast river systems, hosts many prominent deltas, including the…
The effective management of land and water resources plays a central role in alleviating poverty, reducing disasters, improving food security, and ensuring environmental sustainability. It is widely recognized that a mismanagement of these resources is at the core of many human miseries ranging from drought and famine to displacement, economic instability, and conflict. A systematic…
Introduction India is a country with a diverse hydrological profile, ranging from the snow-fed Himalayan rivers to the monsoon-dependent peninsular rivers. Floods, especially during the monsoon season, have long been considered a major natural hazard, causing loss of life, property, and agricultural productivity. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), floods affect more than…
Introduction The monsoon climate is one of the most distinctive climatic systems in the world, marked by seasonal reversal of winds, distinct wet and dry periods, and high rainfall intensity. It plays a crucial role in sustaining the agriculture, economy, and livelihoods of over 50% of the world’s population residing in Monsoon Asia, which includes…
Introduction The Smart City Mission, launched by the Government of India in 2015, is an urban renewal and retrofitting program aimed at developing 100 cities across the country into sustainable and citizen-friendly urban centers. The objective of the mission is to enhance the quality of life through infrastructure development, efficient governance, and the adoption of…
Eastern Uttar Pradesh (EUP), encompassing districts like Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Azamgarh, and others, is one of the most populous and historically significant regions of India. Despite its strategic location, fertile land, and cultural importance, EUP has faced persistent challenges that have hindered its economic and social development. This underdevelopment can be attributed to several interconnected factors,…
Introduction Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, have a profound impact on lives, property, and the environment. India, with its vast geographical diversity and high population density, is prone to multiple types of disasters, ranging from earthquakes and floods to industrial accidents and biological hazards. Effective disaster management is crucial for minimizing damage, ensuring quick response,…
Introduction The Lower Ganga Canal (LGC) is one of the most vital irrigation and water management systems in Uttar Pradesh. A significant component of the Ganga River’s irrigation infrastructure, the Lower Ganga Canal has played an essential role in the agriculture of the region for centuries. The canal system is crucial for irrigating vast tracts…