Introduction Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies, societies, cultures, and technologies across national boundaries. Since India adopted economic liberalization policies in 1991, globalization has significantly reshaped its social and economic landscape. Among the most profound impacts has been its influence on women’s lives. Globalization has opened new avenues of employment, education, and social…
The sex ratio — defined as the number of females per 1,000 males — is a key demographic indicator reflecting gender equity, social norms, health outcomes, and cultural practices within a population. In India, data from the Census of India and National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) consistently show that many tribal groups (often referred to…
Introduction Rapid population growth continues to pose serious challenges for developing countries, particularly in areas such as healthcare, education, employment, food security, and environmental sustainability. Traditional population control strategies have often focused narrowly on contraception and family planning programs. However, global experience increasingly shows that the most sustainable and humane way to stabilize population growth…
Introduction Over the past decade, India has witnessed a rapid transformation in the nature of work driven by digital platforms, mobile connectivity, and evolving labor markets. One of the most significant outcomes of this transformation has been the emergence of the gig economy—an employment model characterized by short-term contracts, freelance assignments, and task-based work mediated…
Introduction In recent decades, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as one of the most significant grassroots institutions in India’s development landscape. From microfinance and livelihood generation to social empowerment and local governance, SHGs today play a multifaceted role in addressing developmental challenges. Their rapid proliferation has led to the argument that the growing prominence of…
Introduction Gender inequality, poverty, and malnutrition are three interlinked social challenges that continue to affect the socio-economic fabric of developing nations like India. These problems are not isolated; they reinforce one another, creating a vicious cycle that traps women and marginalized communities in conditions of deprivation and underdevelopment. Poverty limits access to food, healthcare, and…