Introduction The Earth’s interior is a dynamic system where enormous forces operate beyond human perception. Among the processes that shape the planet’s geological features, mantle plumes hold a significant position. They are not only key to understanding the internal dynamics of the Earth but also crucial in explaining the mechanisms of volcanism, continental breakup, and…
Mountains are one of the most significant natural landforms on Earth. They influence climate, serve as habitats for diverse species, and play a crucial role in human civilization by providing water, minerals, and a place for cultural and spiritual significance. What is a Mountain? A mountain is a large landform that rises prominently above its…
Wind is one of the most powerful natural forces that shape the Earth’s surface, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Wind erosion and deposition create a variety of unique landforms that contribute to the dynamic nature of desert landscapes. These landforms result from the processes of deflation, abrasion, and sediment transport. The following sections explore…
Introduction Glaciers are among the most powerful geological agents shaping the Earth’s surface. In high mountain areas, they play a crucial role in sculpting landscapes through processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition. Over thousands of years, glaciers carve valleys, form unique landforms, and leave behind distinctive geological features that define high-altitude terrains. These changes are…
Mountain Height (m) Location Mountain Range Notable Features Mount Everest 8,848.86 Nepal/Tibet Himalayas Tallest mountain in the world K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) 8,611 Pakistan/China Karakoram Second-highest, most dangerous climb Kangchenjunga 8,586 Nepal/India Himalayas Third-highest, sacred in Sikkim Lhotse 8,516 Nepal/Tibet Himalayas Connected to Everest by South Col Makalu 8,485 Nepal/Tibet Himalayas Distinct pyramid shape Cho Oyu…