Introduction Over the past three decades, India has witnessed a dramatic transformation in its urban landscape due to the rapid expansion of Information Technology (IT) and IT-enabled services. Cities such as Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Gurugram, Noida, and Kochi have evolved into major IT hubs, integrating India into the global digital economy. This development has…
Introduction India is often described as one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies. High GDP growth rates, expanding digital infrastructure, rising foreign investment, and global recognition of India’s market potential create an image of economic success. However, alongside this growth narrative lies a troubling paradox: joblessness and underemployment continue to rise, especially among youth and…
Introduction India’s economic growth story since the 1990s has been marked by robust GDP expansion. However, a striking paradox has emerged in recent years—despite steady or even high economic growth, employment generation has not kept pace. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as jobless growth, is one of the most pressing challenges facing the Indian economy…
Introduction India embarked on a new economic trajectory in 1991 with the adoption of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) reforms. These reforms marked a structural shift from a predominantly state-controlled economy to a more market-oriented system. The intent was to boost growth, attract foreign investment, improve efficiency, and integrate India with the global economy. Over…