Introduction Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a pivotal role in shaping India’s economic landscape. Often referred to as the backbone of the Indian economy, MSMEs contribute significantly to employment generation, industrial output, exports, and inclusive growth. With more than 63 million enterprises spread across the country, MSMEs collectively employ over 110 million people…
Introduction NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015, to replace the Planning Commission. As a policy think tank of the Government of India, NITI Aayog plays a crucial role in shaping India’s long-term developmental strategies, formulating policies, and enhancing cooperative federalism. It serves as an advisory body providing directional…
In the rapidly evolving global landscape, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become a central element in shaping economies, societies, and governance. The integration of ICT into government policies has revolutionized public administration, providing new opportunities for transparency, accountability, and improved public service delivery. As governments strive for modernization and digital inclusion, ICT has emerged…
Introduction Reverse migration is the movement of people from urban areas back to their rural hometowns, often due to economic distress, loss of employment, or health crises. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered one of the largest instances of reverse migration in Indian history, particularly affecting states like Uttar Pradesh, which saw millions of migrant workers return…
Introduction Irrigation plays a crucial role in agriculture, particularly in a state like Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), which has a predominantly agrarian economy. Over the years, irrigation sources in U.P. have undergone significant transformation due to technological advancements, environmental factors, government policies, and the changing needs of farmers. The state has transitioned from traditional irrigation methods…
Introduction India, the world’s most populous country, faces a persistent challenge of poverty. The interconnection between population growth and poverty has long been debated. Some argue that rapid population growth exacerbates poverty by straining resources, while others contend that poverty itself fuels high birth rates. This paper critically examines whether a growing population is the…
Introduction An individual’s attitude towards social problems is shaped by various internal and external factors. Attitudes determine how people perceive, react to, and engage with issues such as poverty, gender inequality, environmental concerns, and corruption. Understanding these factors helps in addressing negative attitudes and fostering progressive social perspectives. This essay explores the key influences on…
Introduction Hunger and poverty have long been persistent challenges in India, shaping the socio-political landscape of the nation. Despite numerous policies and welfare programs, millions of Indians continue to struggle with these issues. Electoral politics in India is deeply influenced by these socio-economic factors, with political parties leveraging them as campaign tools, while voters often…
Introduction The Citizen’s Charter is a vital instrument for improving governance and ensuring transparency, accountability, and responsiveness in public service delivery. Introduced in India in 1997 as part of administrative reforms, it aims to enhance public administration by defining service standards, grievance redressal mechanisms, and citizen expectations from government agencies. However, despite its noble intent,…
Introduction Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in shaping public policies worldwide. They act as intermediaries between the government, civil society, and other stakeholders, ensuring that policies are more inclusive, effective, and socially responsible. The participation of NGOs in the policy formulation process has increased significantly over the years, driven by their expertise, grassroots…