Introduction The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), enacted in December 2019, has been one of the most debated legislative measures in India’s recent history. The Act amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 and provides a fast-track route to Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan—specifically Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians—who…
Introduction Secular politics is the governance approach that ensures the separation of religion from political and governmental affairs. In a secular political system, the state remains neutral in matters of faith, allowing individuals the freedom to practice any religion or none at all. Secularism is a cornerstone of democracy, promoting equal treatment of all citizens…
Introduction Social liberty is a fundamental principle that ensures individuals have the freedom to express themselves, participate in society, and live without undue restrictions imposed by authority, culture, or societal norms. It encompasses human rights, freedom of speech, equality, and the right to live without oppression or discrimination. Throughout history, societies have evolved by advocating…
Introduction Art and social liberty share a deep, interconnected relationship that has shaped societies throughout history. Art serves as a powerful tool for expressing emotions, challenging oppression, and advocating for freedom. Social liberty, on the other hand, represents the ability of individuals and communities to enjoy civil rights, equality, and freedom from discrimination or authoritarian…
Introduction Compassion is an essential virtue that involves recognizing the suffering of others and taking proactive steps to alleviate it. In the context of civil service, compassion is not just an ethical obligation but a functional necessity for ensuring justice, equality, and social welfare. This article explores the fundamental requirements of compassion and its indispensable…
Introduction Tolerance is an essential virtue in a diverse and democratic society. It enables individuals to accept differences, respect divergent viewpoints, and foster social harmony. For civil servants, tolerance is not just a personal virtue but a professional necessity. Given their role in governance and public administration, civil servants frequently encounter complex situations that require…
Introduction Public institutions are established with the fundamental objective of safeguarding and promoting the rights of individuals in a democratic society. These institutions include legislative bodies, judiciary, law enforcement agencies, human rights commissions, and various government agencies responsible for social welfare. The effectiveness of public institutions in preserving rights is a subject of debate, as…
Introduction Impartiality is a fundamental principle in ethical, legal, and social justice frameworks. It refers to an unbiased and fair approach to decision-making, where no individual or group is favored over another. Impartiality is a core tenet in governance, judicial systems, and policy formulation, ensuring that justice and fairness are upheld for all, regardless of…
Introduction to Article 21 Article 21 of the Indian Constitution stands as one of the most significant provisions in the fundamental rights chapter. It ensures the protection of life and personal liberty to all individuals within the territory of India. The article reads: “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except…
Introduction Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in shaping public policies, advocating for social causes, and influencing governance at local, national, and international levels. They act as mediators between the government and the public, ensuring that policies are inclusive, sustainable, and aligned with the needs of marginalized communities. In modern governance, policy-making is no…