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Urban in India

Urban Flooding in India: Why Major Cities Are Becoming Increasingly Vulnerable

Introduction In recent years, India’s major cities have repeatedly witnessed devastating floods—Mumbai (2005, 2017, 2021), Chennai (2015, 2023), Bengaluru (2022), Hyderabad (2020), Gurugram (2016), and Delhi (2023) are prominent examples. These events have disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and caused significant economic losses. Urban flooding, once considered an occasional phenomenon, has become frequent and intense….

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cities as I.T. hubs

India’s IT Cities: New Employment Opportunities and Emerging Urban Challenges

Introduction Over the past three decades, India has witnessed a dramatic transformation in its urban landscape due to the rapid expansion of Information Technology (IT) and IT-enabled services. Cities such as Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Gurugram, Noida, and Kochi have evolved into major IT hubs, integrating India into the global digital economy. This development has…

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Urban migration and livelihoods, MSME development for marginalized groups

Welfare Protection and Urban Economic Inclusion: A Critical Examination of Government Schemes for Vulnerable Communities

Introduction Governments across the world, including India, design special schemes to uplift vulnerable and backward communities by protecting essential social resources such as land, forests, education opportunities, reservations, subsidies, and welfare entitlements. These measures are rooted in the principles of social justice, equity, and historical correction. However, a growing concern is whether such protective mechanisms—while…

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