Introduction Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, with rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and erratic weather patterns disrupting ecosystems and livelihoods. In this context, achieving net zero emissions—a state where the amount of greenhouse gases emitted is balanced by the amount removed from the atmosphere—has become a critical target for…
Introduction Climate change is no longer a distant threat but a present reality, reshaping coastlines, ecosystems, and human settlements worldwide. Among the most vulnerable regions are India’s vast coastal zones, stretching over 7,500 kilometers. In particular, the Sundarbans — the world’s largest mangrove forest — and Mumbai — India’s financial capital — stand at the…
Introduction In recent decades, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters have escalated dramatically across the globe. These disasters—ranging from cyclones, floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and droughts—are increasingly linked to the growing impacts of climate change. Rising global temperatures, melting glaciers, erratic rainfall, and rising sea levels are not only environmental challenges but also catalysts for…
Introduction Sustainable development is a crucial global challenge that requires concerted efforts at both national and international levels. In India, a country with a population of over 1.4 billion people, rapid economic growth, and severe social inequalities, sustainable development has become a cornerstone of the nation’s development strategy. The role of international financial institutions such…