Introduction Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters in India. The northwestern plains, particularly Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and adjoining regions, have historically been vulnerable due to their river systems, irrigation networks, and dependence on monsoon rains. In recent years, the intensity and irregularity of rainfall have increased, leading to unprecedented flood…
Introduction The United States (U.S.) has one of the most advanced and influential economies in the world, often setting the tone for global trade, finance, and monetary policies. Two of the most critical aspects that shape the U.S. economy are economic growth and inflation. Economic growth reflects the pace at which a nation produces goods…
Introduction Economic stability is vital for the sustainable growth of any nation. Two critical phenomena that influence the health of an economy are inflation and deflation. Both affect purchasing power, production, employment, investment, and overall economic growth, but in opposite ways. Understanding the causes, consequences, and policy responses to both is essential for students, policymakers,…
Introduction The Union Budget 2024–25 is a critical document that outlines the government’s fiscal policies and strategies for the upcoming financial year. The budget serves as a key instrument for managing the Indian economy and directly impacts inflation, economic growth, and social welfare. The fiscal policy measures announced in the budget aim to address challenges…
Inflation is one of the most critical macroeconomic challenges affecting India’s economy. It refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over time. While moderate inflation is considered beneficial for economic growth, high and persistent inflation erodes purchasing power, increases the cost of living, and creates financial instability. In…