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Regional Financial Institutions

Regional Financial Institutions, New Development Bank, and Asian Development Bank: Role, Objectives, Purpose, and Goals

Admin015 mins

Introduction Regional Financial Institutions (RFIs) play a vital role in shaping economic stability, promoting development, and supporting financial cooperation within specific geographic regions. Unlike global financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or World Bank, RFIs focus on addressing the unique developmental needs of their member regions. Among the most significant RFIs are…

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Global Economic Cooperation

Global Economic Cooperation: Understanding G20, G8 (Formerly G7), OPEC, and APEC — Structure, Functions, and Goals

Admin114 mins

Introduction In the modern globalized world, international cooperation has become essential to address complex economic, political, and environmental challenges. Nations are interconnected through trade, finance, energy, and diplomacy. To promote stability, growth, and mutual understanding, several international organizations have emerged. Among these, the Group of Twenty (G20), Group of Eight (formerly G7), Organization of Petroleum…

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International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund (IMF): Structure, Functions, and Global Role

Admin017 mins

Introduction The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the most significant global financial institutions established to ensure the stability of the international monetary system. Created in 1944 during the Bretton Woods Conference, the IMF was envisioned as a cooperative institution that would help maintain stable exchange rates, facilitate international trade, and promote global economic…

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Bretton Woods Conference

Bretton Woods Conference, IMF, and World Bank (IBRD): Foundations of the Modern Global Economic Order

Admin018 mins

Introduction The end of the Second World War marked not only a turning point in political and military history but also in the evolution of the world’s economic system. The economic instability and depression that followed World War I had shown that uncoordinated monetary policies and trade rivalries could lead to global chaos. To avoid…

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US Dollar on international market

Why Strong Countries Still Use the US Dollar in International Trade: A Historical, Economic, and Geopolitical Perspective

Admin013 mins

Introduction In the modern global economy, the United States dollar (USD) has become the backbone of international trade, finance, and investment. Whether it is oil trading in the Middle East, raw materials in Africa, or manufactured goods in Asia, the dollar dominates global transactions. Surprisingly, even economically strong and politically influential countries — such as…

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