Introduction Employment generation remains a central concern for India’s economic growth. Despite rapid GDP growth, India faces challenges of unemployment, underemployment, and regional economic disparities. According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2021–22, the unemployment rate in India was around 7–8%, with rural areas facing disguised unemployment in agriculture and urban areas struggling with…
Introduction India’s economic growth story since the 1990s has been marked by robust GDP expansion. However, a striking paradox has emerged in recent years—despite steady or even high economic growth, employment generation has not kept pace. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as jobless growth, is one of the most pressing challenges facing the Indian economy…
Introduction Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in India’s economic development, contributing significantly to GDP, employment, exports, and industrial output. Often referred to as the backbone of the Indian economy, MSMEs are instrumental in promoting entrepreneurship, fostering innovation, and supporting inclusive growth. However, despite their contributions, MSMEs face multiple challenges, including…