Introduction Nature operates through a complex network of relationships among living organisms and their physical environment. These relationships ensure that ecosystems function smoothly and life continues to flourish on Earth. One of the most important principles that maintains the stability of natural systems is ecological balance. Ecological balance refers to the stability and harmony between…
1. Introduction The Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1986 is a landmark legislation enacted by the Government of India following the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984, one of the world’s worst industrial disasters. Recognizing the urgent need for a comprehensive legal framework to protect the environment, the Act was passed under Article 253 of the Indian…
1. Introduction Natural resources are materials and substances that occur naturally in the environment and are used by humans for survival, economic development, and technological advancement. These resources include water, forests, minerals, fossil fuels, soil, sunlight, and many others. Since human civilization depends heavily on natural resources, their proper management is essential for sustainable development….
Introduction In an era where environmental degradation and resource depletion are major concerns, the search for sustainable solutions often leads us back to age-old practices that have long coexisted with nature. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) — the cumulative body of knowledge, practices, and beliefs regarding the relationship of living beings with one another and their…
Introduction Uttar Pradesh, one of India’s most populous and agriculturally significant states, is facing serious environmental challenges due to deforestation and land degradation. The rapid depletion of forests, expansion of agricultural land, urbanization, and industrial activities have led to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and declining land productivity. These environmental concerns threaten agriculture, water resources,…
Introduction Water scarcity and depleting groundwater levels have become pressing concerns in India, threatening agricultural productivity and sustainable development. Recognizing this challenge, the Government of India launched the Atal Bhujal Yojana (ATAL JAL) on December 25, 2019, commemorating the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The scheme primarily focuses on ensuring sustainable…