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Distribution of Major Hot Deserts in the Northern Hemisphere

Climatic Logic Behind the Location of Major Hot Deserts in the Northern Hemisphere

Introduction Deserts are among the most striking and unique landscapes on Earth. They represent regions of extreme aridity, where annual rainfall is minimal, and evaporation exceeds precipitation by a large margin. Interestingly, a striking pattern emerges when one observes the global distribution of deserts — most of the major hot deserts in the world are…

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unusual climatic happenings are as an outcome of the el-nino effect

El Niño Effect and Its Role in Unusual Climatic Happenings: A Critical Evaluation

Introduction Climate variability is one of the most pressing concerns in contemporary meteorology and environmental science. Unusual weather events such as prolonged droughts, floods, cyclones, heatwaves, and cold spells often disrupt ecosystems, agriculture, and human livelihoods. Among the various phenomena studied to explain such irregularities, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—particularly its warm phase, El Niño—has…

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