Introduction The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in the country, acting as a link between the executive and legislative branches. However, a long-standing debate persists regarding whether the role is merely ceremonial or if it holds substantive responsibilities. The Indian Constitution, historical precedents, and political developments shape the understanding of this…
Introduction Social media has transformed the way people communicate, access information, and interact with the world. In India, the rise of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube has significantly impacted various aspects of society, including politics, business, culture, and personal relationships. While social media has empowered individuals and businesses, it has also raised…
Pressure groups, also known as interest groups or advocacy groups, are organizations or collectives that seek to influence government policies and decisions in favor of their members’ interests or causes. In India, these groups have gained significant prominence due to the country’s democratic structure and diverse socio-economic landscape. They play a crucial role in the…
Introduction Hunger and poverty have long been persistent challenges in India, shaping the socio-political landscape of the nation. Despite numerous policies and welfare programs, millions of Indians continue to struggle with these issues. Electoral politics in India is deeply influenced by these socio-economic factors, with political parties leveraging them as campaign tools, while voters often…
Introduction Integrity is the cornerstone of a successful and ethical public service system. Officers in government, law enforcement, judiciary, and administration are expected to uphold the highest standards of honesty, transparency, and accountability. However, there are circumstances where doubts arise regarding an officer’s integrity, leading to public mistrust and administrative inefficiencies. Suspicion about an officer’s…
Introduction Public institutions are established with the fundamental objective of safeguarding and promoting the rights of individuals in a democratic society. These institutions include legislative bodies, judiciary, law enforcement agencies, human rights commissions, and various government agencies responsible for social welfare. The effectiveness of public institutions in preserving rights is a subject of debate, as…
Introduction The Finance Commission plays a crucial role in shaping the fiscal framework between the Centre and the States in India. Established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution, the Finance Commission is a constitutional body tasked with recommending the distribution of financial resources between the Union (Central Government) and the States, as well as…
Introduction Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in shaping public policies, advocating for social causes, and influencing governance at local, national, and international levels. They act as mediators between the government and the public, ensuring that policies are inclusive, sustainable, and aligned with the needs of marginalized communities. In modern governance, policy-making is no…
Public administration, the implementation of government policy and the management of public affairs, involves a range of complex activities that require effective coordination, decision-making, and leadership. It operates within the framework of laws, regulations, and public expectations. However, the process of governance is not solely determined by legal guidelines or bureaucratic structures; it is also…