Introduction The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0, is reshaping the global industrial landscape. At the heart of this transformation is the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)—a system that integrates smart sensors, machines, software, and advanced analytics to optimize industrial processes. IIoT leverages real-time data and connectivity to enhance productivity, efficiency, safety, and innovation across…
Introduction India’s transformation into a globally significant economy depends on inclusive planning, decentralization, and sustainable practices. In this context, the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog), established in 2015, replaced the Planning Commission to better align with the needs of a dynamic and market-oriented economy. With the core principles of cooperative federalism, innovation, and…
Introduction In the modern digital landscape, fraud has evolved into a complex and ever-growing threat. As businesses and individuals increasingly rely on online transactions, cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities to commit financial fraud, identity theft, and other malicious activities. Traditional fraud detection methods, which rely heavily on manual reviews and rule-based systems, are no longer sufficient to…