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Moderate Politics

Moderate Politics and the Indian National Movement: Causes of Failure and Legacy

Introduction The emergence of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked a new phase in the history of India’s struggle for freedom. The early leaders of the Congress, commonly known as the Moderates, represented the first organized expression of Indian political awakening under British rule. They sought to reform the colonial administration through peaceful,…

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The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922): Objectives and Impact

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was one of the most significant mass movements in India’s struggle for independence against British rule. Led by Mahatma Gandhi, the movement aimed at resisting British colonial oppression through non-violent means. It was a direct response to the betrayal of Indian expectations after World War I, the oppressive Rowlatt Act (1919),…

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