The sex ratio — defined as the number of females per 1,000 males — is a key demographic indicator reflecting gender equity, social norms, health outcomes, and cultural practices within a population. In India, data from the Census of India and National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) consistently show that many tribal groups (often referred to…
Introduction India’s freedom struggle did not end with political independence in 1947. For Mahatma Gandhi and his followers, true freedom also required social justice, economic equality, and moral transformation. One of the most significant post-Independence efforts toward peaceful socio-economic reform was the Bhoodan and Gramdan movements, led by Acharya Vinoba Bhave. Initiated in the early…
Introduction The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are guidelines in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Indian Constitution, directing the government to promote social and economic welfare. While these principles are not legally enforceable, they serve as an essential framework for policymaking in India. Among the DPSPs, certain provisions are specifically referred to as…