Introduction In the 21st century, the race to dominate outer space has entered a new phase—not through massive single satellites, but through the deployment of satellite mega-constellations. These vast networks of interconnected satellites orbiting the Earth are designed to provide global internet coverage, monitor environmental changes, support communication, and even enable space-based defense systems. As…
Orbiting silently above our heads, a network of sophisticated artificial sentinels – satellites – has woven itself into the very fabric of our modern existence. Far from being mere futuristic novelties, these technological marvels have become indispensable pillars, fundamentally reshaping two critical domains: the way we communicate across vast distances and the intricate processes of…
Introduction The evolution of wireless communication has significantly transformed the way we connect, communicate, and access information. The advent of 5G technology has brought unprecedented speed, low latency, and increased network capacity. However, as the demand for higher connectivity continues to grow, research is already underway to develop next-generation technologies such as 6G, Li-Fi, and…