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Social Conservatism

Do Customs and Traditions Suppress Reason? A Critical Analysis of Obscurantism in Society

Introduction Customs and traditions form the cultural backbone of societies. They transmit values, norms, collective memories, and social practices across generations, giving people a sense of identity and continuity. However, critics argue that unquestioned adherence to customs and traditions can suppress rational thinking and encourage obscurantism—defined as resistance to intellectual enlightenment, scientific reasoning, and social…

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: His Contribution to Pre- and Post-Independence India

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: His Contribution to Pre- and Post-Independence India

Introduction Maulana Abul Kalam Azad stands among the foremost architects of modern India. A freedom fighter, scholar, journalist, and visionary educationist, Azad combined spiritual depth with political realism. His life represents a synthesis of nationalism, pluralism, and intellectual leadership. Unlike many contemporaries who specialized in either political activism or institutional governance, Azad contributed significantly to…

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