Introduction On May 7, 2025, India launched a strategic air operation named Operation Sindoor, targeting multiple terrorist camps in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). The precision strikes came in response to a heinous terror attack in Pahalgam that killed 26 innocent civilians. By striking terror infrastructure across the border, India sent a bold message — that cross-border…
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) has been one of the most contentious laws in India, often criticized as draconian and unconstitutional by various states and human rights organizations. Originally enacted to curb insurgency and maintain public order, AFSPA grants sweeping powers to the armed forces, including the right to shoot to kill, arrest…
1. Introduction Insurgency is a complex socio-political phenomenon that affects various nations worldwide. It is often characterized by armed rebellion, political resistance, and the use of guerrilla tactics by non-state actors against an established authority. Insurgencies have historically played a significant role in shaping political landscapes, often emerging from deep-rooted grievances, ideological conflicts, or socio-economic…