Introduction In the context of global economic development, financial inclusion refers to the process of ensuring that individuals and businesses, regardless of their financial status, have access to useful and affordable financial products and services. These include payments, credit, insurance, and savings that are delivered in a responsible and sustainable manner. In India, financial inclusion…
Introduction In a diverse and developing country like India, economic growth alone cannot ensure inclusive development unless it addresses existing inequalities, particularly those based on gender. One of the most effective tools for integrating gender perspectives into economic policymaking is Gender Budgeting. Introduced in India in the early 2000s, gender budgeting has gradually evolved from…
Introduction Public service is the cornerstone of governance, and its success is measured by the well-being of the most vulnerable members of society. Tolerance and compassion are two fundamental values that drive public servants to act with empathy, fairness, and justice toward weaker sections. These values ensure that disadvantaged communities receive equitable opportunities and support,…
Introduction The phrase “Leaving No One Behind” (LNOB) serves as the guiding principle of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to address global challenges while ensuring that all individuals, particularly the marginalized and disadvantaged, benefit from progress. This commitment emphasizes equity, inclusivity, and sustainability, recognizing that true development must uplift everyone—regardless of…
Introduction Poverty alleviation has been one of the key priorities of the Indian government since independence. Rural India, where a large section of the population depends on agriculture and daily wage labor, faces persistent poverty, unemployment, and income disparity. To address this issue, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted in…
Introduction Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global initiative launched by the United Nations (UN) to address pressing challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. The SDGs were adopted in 2015 as part of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, comprising 17 goals with 169 targets. These goals serve as a…
Introduction Inclusive growth is a development strategy that aims to ensure economic progress benefits all sections of society while maintaining environmental sustainability. It focuses on reducing inequalities, promoting social justice, and ensuring that growth does not come at the cost of environmental degradation. In an era where economic disparities and climate change are pressing concerns,…
Introduction Impartiality is a fundamental principle in ethical, legal, and social justice frameworks. It refers to an unbiased and fair approach to decision-making, where no individual or group is favored over another. Impartiality is a core tenet in governance, judicial systems, and policy formulation, ensuring that justice and fairness are upheld for all, regardless of…
Urbanization is one of the most defining phenomena of the modern world. It refers to the process through which rural areas transform into urban ones, typically driven by an influx of population into cities and the accompanying changes in land use, infrastructure, and social dynamics. Urbanization has profound effects on society, which can lead to…