Introduction India has earned global recognition through its unmanned space missions, notably the Chandrayaan lunar probes and the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan). These missions demonstrated India’s capability to plan, design, and execute complex space endeavors at a fraction of global costs, earning both technological and diplomatic prestige. Despite these successes, India has not yet ventured…
Introduction In the 21st century, space exploration and cooperation have become critical components of global diplomacy, scientific advancement, and technological innovation. India, through its space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has emerged as a key player in international space activities. Over the past several decades, ISRO has not only made significant contributions to…
Introduction In an era dominated by space-based technologies, the ability to control and protect space assets has emerged as a critical aspect of national security. Satellites play a central role in communication, navigation, reconnaissance, weather forecasting, and military operations. As such, the development of Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons — systems designed to destroy or disable enemy…
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), established in 1969, has become a cornerstone of India’s technological development and scientific innovation. Originally formed to harness space technology for peaceful purposes, ISRO has grown into a symbol of self-reliance, cost-effective innovation, and technological excellence. Its achievements go beyond launching satellites and space missions; ISRO has played a…