Global economic inequality remains one of the most pressing challenges facing the international community in the twenty-first century. Despite remarkable economic growth in many regions and advancements in technology, wealth and income remain unevenly distributed across the world. Developed nations possess advanced industries, strong institutions, and higher living standards, while many developing countries continue to…
Introduction In the modern world, economic growth and technological advancement have significantly improved human living standards. However, these developments have also created serious environmental challenges such as climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, and pollution. The excessive exploitation of natural resources has raised concerns about whether future generations will be able to meet their…
In 2025, Transparency International released the latest edition of its flagship global ranking — the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The index assessed 182 countries and territories, measuring perceived levels of public-sector corruption on a scale from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). More than just a ranking exercise, CPI 2025 offers critical insights into…
Introduction In 2026, India assumed the BRICS presidency and hosted the first BRICS Sherpa meeting of the year — a key diplomatic event that set the agenda for the grouping’s engagements in the coming months. BRICS is a strategic coalition of five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The Sherpa meeting…
Introduction Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies, societies, cultures, and technologies across national boundaries. Since India adopted economic liberalization policies in 1991, globalization has significantly reshaped its social and economic landscape. Among the most profound impacts has been its influence on women’s lives. Globalization has opened new avenues of employment, education, and social…
Introduction Rapid population growth continues to pose serious challenges for developing countries, particularly in areas such as healthcare, education, employment, food security, and environmental sustainability. Traditional population control strategies have often focused narrowly on contraception and family planning programs. However, global experience increasingly shows that the most sustainable and humane way to stabilize population growth…
Introduction Health is not merely the absence of disease; it is a foundational pillar of human well-being, social justice, and economic progress. In a welfare state, providing accessible and affordable healthcare to citizens is considered a moral imperative, rooted in the principles of equity, dignity, and social responsibility. However, in the contemporary development discourse, health—particularly…
Introduction Good governance is not merely about efficient administration or robust institutions; it is ultimately judged by its ability to ensure a dignified life for all citizens. In India, despite decades of planned development and democratic governance, hunger and poverty continue to remain among the most serious challenges to good governance. These problems undermine human…
Introduction Sustainable development has emerged as one of the most crucial objectives of modern governance, especially in the 21st century when nations are facing the dual challenge of economic growth and environmental protection. For India, a country with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, diverse ecosystems, and rapid urbanization, the pursuit of sustainable development is not…
Introduction Measuring the development of nations is a complex task that goes beyond mere economic growth. While GDP or GNP provide insights into a country’s economic capacity, they do not reflect the quality of life, social welfare, equity, and human well-being. To address this, scholars, international organizations, and policymakers have developed various indices that evaluate…