Introduction India is witnessing one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the world. Megacities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru have emerged as economic engines, attracting millions of people in search of opportunities. However, this rapid and often unplanned urban growth has also intensified the risk of disasters, transforming cities into zones…
Introduction India, due to its vast geographical diversity and socio-economic conditions, is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change-induced disasters. In recent decades, the frequency, intensity, and unpredictability of disasters such as floods, cyclones, heatwaves, droughts, and landslides have increased significantly. Unlike traditional natural disasters, these events are increasingly being influenced or intensified by…
Introduction Flooding has become a recurring problem in Indian cities, affecting millions of residents annually. Even “smart cities” like Hyderabad and Pune, designed with modern infrastructure, have experienced devastating urban floods. The frequency, intensity, and economic impact of urban floods have increased due to climate change, unplanned urbanization, and poor drainage systems. Urban floods are…