Introduction Urbanization is a defining characteristic of the 21st century. As the global population continues to rise, more people are moving from rural areas to urban centers in search of better opportunities, economic growth, and modern lifestyles. One of the most significant outcomes of this demographic shift is the rise of megacities — urban areas…
Introduction Local self-government is an essential pillar of democracy, ensuring grassroots participation in governance and development. Recognizing its significance, India enacted the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in 1992, which institutionalized Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). These amendments aimed to decentralize power, enhance local governance, and promote participatory democracy. This essay…
Introduction Slums are an integral part of urbanization, housing millions of people in conditions of extreme poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of basic civic amenities. With rapid urbanization, particularly in developing countries, slums have expanded, creating challenges related to sanitation, healthcare, water supply, housing, and education. Effective urban planning plays a crucial role in improving…
Introduction Urbanization is a significant phenomenon in India, driven by economic growth, industrialization, and infrastructural development. The rapid expansion of urban areas has reshaped the social, economic, and environmental landscapes. However, the fast pace of urbanization also brings challenges, such as housing shortages, environmental degradation, and social disparities. This article examines the nature of urbanization…