Introduction India is facing an alarming crisis of groundwater depletion. Rapid urbanization, population growth, industrial expansion, and unsustainable water use have placed unprecedented stress on groundwater resources. According to the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), over 30% of India’s groundwater blocks are overexploited, and urban areas are disproportionately affected due to high water demand and…
Introduction Water is one of the most essential natural resources, critical for human survival, agriculture, industry, and ecosystem sustainability. India, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, faces a growing challenge of water stress, characterized by the scarcity of water relative to demand. Rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization, climate change, and unsustainable water management have intensified…
Introduction Flooding has become a recurring problem in Indian cities, affecting millions of residents annually. Even “smart cities” like Hyderabad and Pune, designed with modern infrastructure, have experienced devastating urban floods. The frequency, intensity, and economic impact of urban floods have increased due to climate change, unplanned urbanization, and poor drainage systems. Urban floods are…
Introduction Water bodies such as lakes, ponds, wetlands, and rivers are essential components of the natural ecosystem. They regulate the hydrological cycle, recharge groundwater, control floods, provide habitats for biodiversity, and support human settlements through water supply, agriculture, and recreation. However, in rapidly urbanizing regions of the world—including India—natural water bodies are increasingly being reclaimed…